Usefulness of Play

The importance of play in cognitive development of children cannot be ignored. It has been established that children learn the various uses of objects when they are allowed to play with them than when other means of teaching are used. This indicates that play plays an important role in the process of learning among children where the children are given platforms to try the various ways that an object can be put into use.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Usefulness of Play specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to examine the relationship that exists between playing among the children and how play helps develop their imaginative skills. The paper also examines the relationship that exits between psychological coping and resiliency, and how this relationship may help a child when confronted with a dangerous situation. Lastly, the paper examines whether the strategies adopted at childhood are still useful in adulthood or at advanced stages of childhood or adolescence stage. As noted by Hardman, Drew Egan (2010), the extent to which a child is classified as playful or otherwise has a high significance to the child’s level of creativity. Playful children tend to be more creative as they get higher chances to interact with the phenomenon hence expanding their cognitive development. When children are subjected to a test to determine the possible alternative uses of an object, it has been observed that children marked as more playful always have the tendency to score higher in the alternative use tests. This is an indication that playful children may have better chances of developing their cognitive abilities as opposed to the less playful children. It is important to note that some children who may not be externally playful may indicate tendencies of being internally playful. Children who are classified as internally playful also exhibit higher levels of creativity than the child ren who are neither physically nor internally playful. Internal playfulness is normally measured by examining the levels of feelings of happiness, the sense of humor, joy and lastly, active involvement (Hardman, Drew Egan, 2010). Internally playful children have higher rates of internal imagination than other children, which indicates that play has an immense contribution to the level of imagination as well as other forms of cognitive development among children. As far as psychological coping and resiliency is concerned, play among the children has invaluable roles. Among the leading role of play in enhancing psychological coping and resiliency among children is the fact that play induces a sense of relaxation, which helps improve the state of a child to cope with various aspects and to bounce back to the normal psychological state before being disturbed by a specified stressor.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As children play with one another, they tend to learn important interpersonal skills that comes in handy should coping skills be needed. Besides this, playing allows children to come face-to-face with various aspects of real life experiences such as winning and loosing. As children learn how it feels to lose and learn to look forward for a win in the future, their ability to keep their â€Å"cool† in times of a loss is increased. This improves their resilience not only in times of playing, but also when confronted with various real life experiences. Another aspect that makes play to be an important aspect for the development of coping and resilience traits is the fact that play forces the children to always be in a situation where they are either faced with a win or a loss. Since the main aim of any player is to win a game, the playful children are always cognitively forced to devise new methods to ensure that they win the game even when they are t railing their opponents. On the other hand, those who are leading have no choice, but to ensure that they are not overturned by their opponents to become the losers. The psychological feelings of the need to win even where there is little hope of winning a game makes children to develop resilience skills that are useful not only while they are playing, but also in many other facets of life. In a sharp contrast, children who are not playful may end up not developing these skills which make them have poor resilience skills when confronted with real life experiences. As already noted, play has a significant role in improving the creativity and the coping as well as resilience traits among the children. These traits can prove to be valuable if a child who possesses them is faced with a dangerous situation. First, since the child is already creative due to the benefits accrued from play, such child can device various avenues to come out of the risky scenario successfully. The developed i maginative skills can prove helpful in risky scenarios in that a child can devise various alternatives depending on the nature of risk as opposed to a child who has less developed imaginative skills. For instance, a child playful child who is inquisitive of what can be done with various objects can device new uses for the object at hand to act as a weapon to mitigate the risk. As far as resilience is concerned, a child presented with a risky situation is able to cope effectively as he or she can make informed choices due to the ability to remain calm, despite the risk. Unlike a child who has no coping and resilience skills, a child who has gained these traits from play is most likely going to make informed choices as the chances of panicking are minimal than for those children who are less playful. As people age, the relationship between play and imagination as well as resilience also changes. This means that people must remain adaptive so that the strategies adopted meets the poten tial dangers that may present themselves. This means that strategies that are useful at childhood cannot remain useful throughout one’s life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Usefulness of Play specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a need to have newer strategies to ensure that the challenges that are presented to people are successfully solved. Therefore, it is evident that as people age, they need to be presented with more complex play scenarios that can motivate their brain activity to make more advanced choices as well as to develop more coping skills which can prove useful in case of a risky situation. In conclusion, it is evident that play leads to more creative children, which enhances their normal coping skills. Play enhances cognitive development in children that in turn enhance their ability to devise meaningful relationships with the situations that are presented to them. It is also importan t to note that play enhances one’s ability to cope with strenuous situations, a trait that is normally transferred to the real life situations. Also, play leads to feelings of relaxation that are vital in decision making process. Therefore, it is important that the role of play in cognitive development is not undermined especially in children as play has proved to be a resourceful activity as far as acquiring of necessary traits is concerned. Reference Hardman, M., L. Drew, C., J. Egan M., W. (2010). Human Exceptionality: School, Community, and Family. 10th Ed. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning, 2010. This essay on Usefulness of Play was written and submitted by user Ezra Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Quotes from Shakespeare Comedies

Quotes from Shakespeare Comedies There are so many great quotes from Shakespeare plays - and some of the best quotes from Shakespeare come from his collection of comedy plays. Indeed, many of today’s most popular phrases derive from Shakespeare comedy plays. Have you ever found yourself saying â€Å"I’ll not budge and inch† or â€Å"the World’s my oyster†? You may be surprised to know that these are all quotes from Shakespeare plays. The Comedies - Quotes from Shakespeare Plays Alls Well That Ends Well:No legacy is so rich as honesty.(Spoken by Mariana in Act 3 Scene 5)As You Like It:If thou rememberst not the slightest follyThat ever love did make thee run into,Thou hast not loved:Or if thou hast not sat as I do now,Wearying thy hearer in thy mistress praise,Thou hast not loved:Or if thou hast not broke from companyAbruptly, as my passion now makes me,Thou hast not loved.(Spoken by Silvius in Act 2 Scene 4)Comedy of Errors:We came into the world like brother and brother;And now lets go hand in hand, not one before another.(Spoken by Dromio Of Ephesus in Act 5 Scene 1)Cymbeline:Is there no way for men to be, but womenMust be half-workers?(Spoken by Posthumus Leonatus in Act 2 Scene 5)Love’s Labour’s Lost:How well hes read, to reason against reading!(Spoken by Ferdinand in Act 1 Scene 1)Measure for Measure:O! it is excellentTo have a giants strength, but it is tyrannousTo use it like a giant.(Spoken by Isabella in Act 2 Scene 2)The Merry Wives of Windsor:Why, then the worlds mine oyster.Which I with sword will open.(Spoken by Pistol in Act 2 Scene 2) The Merchant of Venice:I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands,organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the samefood, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases,heald by the same means, warmd and coold by the same winterand summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? Ifyou tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die?And if you wrong us, do we not revenge? If we are like you in therest, we will resemble you in that.(Spoken by Shylock in Act 3 Scene 1)A Midsummer Nights Dream:Ay me! for aught that ever I could read,Could ever hear by tale or history,The course of true love never did run smooth.(Spoken by Lysander in Act 1 Scene 1)Much Ado About Nothing:Some, Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.(Spoken by Hero in Act 3 Scene 1)The Taming of the Shrew:I’ll not budge an inch.(Spoken by Sly in the Introduction)The Tempest:Where the bee sucks. there suck I:In a cowslips bell I lie;There I couch when o wls do cry.On the bats back I do flyAfter summer merrily.Merrily, merrily shall I live nowUnder the blossom that hangs on the bough..(Spoken by Ariel in Act 5 Scene 1) Twelfth Night:Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon em.(Spoken by Malvolio in Act 2 Scene 1)

Case Study of Bob Jackson-Free-Samples for Students

1.After reviewing the symptoms, pathological reports and physiological parameters, it seems that Mr. Bob Jackson is suffering from Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is defined as a condition of idiopathic inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract (starting from the mouth to anus). Although, maximum reported cases shows ileocaecal occurrence. It is one of the most common diseases encountered in the domain of gastroenterology and falls under the category of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2012). The major leading cause behind the occurrence of the Crohn’s disease is uncontrolled inflammation. This uncontrolled inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract may occur because of beer consumption. Mr. Jackson, consumes 6 stubbies of beer per week such high beer consumption rate at the age of 55 might have resulted in the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to Crohn’s disease (Manninen et al., 2012). Another excepted cause behind developing susceptibility towards Crohn’s disease is nutritional deficiencies. Mr. Jackson resides in a rural community (100 Km northwest from Melbourne) and people of the rural community lack nutrition in diet, leading to the arrival of the stigma of the Crohn’s disease (Kyle, 2013).   One of the most important bacterial threats stated so far behind the occurrence of the Crohn’s disease is Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. Recent research conducted by Traveria et al., (2013) identified the existence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in the sheep. Mr. Jackson is a sheep farmer by occupation at the Paterson’s Plains in Australia. His job profile demands close association with the sheep and during his duty hours, the bacteria Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis might have got transfused into his blood steam via food or via cut and leading to the development of the Crohn’s disease. The prolong use of the Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) make a person susceptible for the development of the Crohn’s disease. Mr. Jackson, has been on the medication with Ibuprofane for nocturnal bone pain in hips and back. This prolong use of this NSAIDs might made Mr. Jackson develop Crohn’s disease (Ananthakrishnan et al., 2012). Examination of the gastro-intestinal tract of Mr. Jackson noted lower abdominal distension. In the majority of the cases, people who are suffering from the Crohn’s disease tend to consume less food in order to avoid the excretion of the watery stool or due to lack of appetite. This empty stomach leads to the formation of wind and leading to abdominal distension. Moreover, Crohn’s disease classified with crypt inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the lower part of the small intestine or colon. Such inflammation in the lower part of the abdomen can result in the development of the lower abdominal distention. The transmural spread of the inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract leads to the generation of the lymphedema, which is followed by the thickening of the stomach wall and mesentery. This thickened mesenteric fat y extends up to the serosal surface of the bowel causing Mr. Jackson gastrointestinal tract to appear mildly obese.   Pain in the left lower quadrant of the gastrointestinal tract again shows signs and the presence of the inflammation. Moreover, it is the small intestine from where the nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream. High level of inflammation followed by formation of the granuloma in the small intestine prevents this normal absorption of the nutrients and thus further generating the pain. Furthermore, this inflammation in the gastro-intestinal tract leads to the generation of the delayed type hypersensitivity response or other type I and Type II hypersensitivity response. This rise in the hypersensitivity response leads to the increase in the levels of the cytokines mostly IL-8. High levels of IL-8 in the blood caused problem with the urinalysis (Steenholdt et al., 2012).    Headache in the last few days as encountered by Mr. Jackson may not have a direct relation with the pathophysiology of the Crohn’s disease however, increase in the level of abdominal pain, lack of nutrient and lack of sleep might be the reason behind this sudden headache. Thus from the above detailed analysis of the condition of Mr.Jackson on the basis of disease aetiology and pathophysiology, it seems that Mr. Jackson might be suffering from Crohn’s disease The symptoms of crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis are more or similar. The common symptoms of the Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis are: So taking the medical condition and the symptoms Mr. Jackson into consideration, he becomes a bit dubious to claim that he is suffering from Crohn’s disease. He might also be the victim of the Ulcerative Colitis. Ulcerative colitis affects colon and the rectum leading to chronic inflammation. Thus, Ulcerative colitis affects mostly the lower portion of the gastrointestinal whereas; Corhn’s disease can affect or may cause inflammation to any portion of the gastrointestinal tract (Bressler et al., 2015). In order to detect the exact Inflammatory Bowel disease that has affected Mr. Jackson, a ultrasonography of the entire stomach is mandatory.   The ultrasonography will reveal the exact point of inflammation via show casing the organo-megally. It is in the ileum or in the upper portion of the respiratory tract then it will be Crohn’s disease while if the organ enlargement is seen in the rectum or colon then Ulcerative Colitis can be confirmed (Chatu, Subramanian & Pollok, 2012). Crohn’s disease as discussed is caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis whereas Ulcerative Colitis is mostly caused by Escherichia coli (Winter et al., 2013). A bacterial culture test using the selective media for the Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis will help in the elucidation of the exact micro-organism colonizing in the gastrointestinal tract leading to the elucidation of the disease. Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Higuchi, L. M., Huang, E. S., Khalili, H., Richter, J. M., Fuchs, C. S., & Chan, A. T. (2012). Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and risk for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitisa cohort study.  Annals of internal medicine,  156(5), 350-359. Baumgart, D. C., & Sandborn, W. J. (2012). Crohn's disease.  The Lancet,  380(9853), 1590-1605. Bressler, B., Marshall, J. K., Bernstein, C. N., Bitton, A., Jones, J., Leontiadis, G. I., ... & Group, T. U. C. C. (2015). Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: the Toronto consensus.  Gastroenterology,  148(5), 1035-1058. Chatu, S., Subramanian, V., & Pollok, R. C. G. (2012). Meta?analysis: diagnostic medical radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease.  Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics,  35(5), 529-539. Kyle, J. (2013).  Crohn's disease. Butterworth-Heinemann. Manninen, P., Karvonen, A. L., Huhtala, H., Rasmussen, M., Salo, M., Mustaniemi, L., ... & Collin, P. (2012). Mortality in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. A population-based study in Finland.  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis,  6(5), 524-528. Steenholdt, C., Svenson, M., Bendtzen, K., Thomsen, O. Ø., Brynskov, J., & Ainsworth, M. A. (2012). Acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to infliximab and adalimumab in a patient with Crohn's disease.  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis,  6(1), 108-111. Traverà ­a, G. E., Zumarraga, M., Etchechoury, I., Romano, M. I., Cataldi, A., Alvarado Pinedo, M. F., ... & Romero, J. R. (2013). First identification of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis sheep strain in Argentina.  Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,  44(3), 897-899. Winter, S. E., Winter, M. G., Xavier, M. N., Thiennimitr, P., Poon, V., Keestra, A. M., ... & Popova, I. E. (2013). Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut.  science,  339(6120), 708-711.

Negotiations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Negotiations - Assignment Example The data uncovered through this preliminary negotiation process will help to establish a more effective stance and the most consistent message that will provide the best, supposed results. Field analysis and effective use of the information will determine potential contingencies based on what counteroffer the negotiator believes will be offered after the initial offer has been proposed. Cost analysis occurs in the preparation stage that will determine the most effective bidding process, thus impacting offers proposed. Closing the deal involves an agreement of the bid, determining what the final offer should be in the process based on cost analyses. Further, these phases and positions do not apply equally, as distributive negotiation is concerned with maximizing gains while integrative seeks more mutual party gains. For instance, cost analysis in the planning process may have identified that mutual gains would deplete the value-added benefit of a chosen bid. Thus, seeking cooperative (integrative) strategies could create the need to firm up a final offer early in the negotiation process. The depth of each step in the negotiation phases will determine whether concessions are made or more aggressive tactics common in distributive negotiation

Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences-Terence Essay - 1

Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences-Terence - Essay Example The study will investigate the various policies that guide the two systems use in different groups, and how the teams are affected by their implementation while analyzing the differences and possible solutions that would permit their efficient use in the organization. Information technology in organizations ensures that all the departments and organizational level uses the system in the group operations of their daily process, efficiency in their work and for administration purposes in the best interest that are allied to the organization goals and objectives. The information technologies cover a broader range of functions and for the efficiency, the system requires that less or nominal interference made to them by the departmental and organizational levels (Ngai, Chau,& Chan,2011). Dissimilar groups and departments though have implemented diverse information systems to their functions that foremost comprise of the departmental and enterprise information systems. The two data structures have distinctive features that facilitate them to adapt to different policies within the group. The departmental information system mainly construes utilizing the fundamental functions of the departments and organizational levels. The procedures are defined and consolidated to provide a single management with the overview of its operations and more often than not associated with a small organization or a sole unit of the groups. The enterprise policies aids in making decisions inside the departments and organizational levels as they provide an array of information from diverse sources (Xu, 2011). Reducing costs and providing easier administration are other policies that the enterprise system seeks to address with the departments and organizational levels. The enterprise system majorly associates with large organizations and have the propensity to deal with the groups holistically. The two systems, therefore, attempt to

Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Risk Management Essay The company generates its electricity at the Niagara Falls and distributes it to various Canadian provinces and the United States. Founded in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission, the corporation was later renamed to Ontario Hydro in 1974. In 1998, the provincial government passed the â€Å"Energy Competition Act†. Ontario Hydro was restructured into two separate organizations: a power generation utility and a combined transmission/delivery business to be called Hydro one. 2. Hydro One’s Strategy and risks Hydro Ones strategy has changed a lot during the last years. First of all, the company thought they knew what was best for their customers. Eventually their focus changed into a more customer-based strategy. With the change in their focus in addressing the needs of their customers, customer satisfaction has, in some areas, doubled. Although results have been positive, problems for the electricity supply in the future might decrease the satisfaction of the customers. In the corporate risk profile trends, the electricity supply has become one of the biggest risks with a rating of ‘virtually certain’. Only â€Å"government policy uncertainty† and â€Å"getting the work done† have the same level of risk. In the impact-probability risk map of the firm, it is clear that problems with the electricity supply are quite probable and that the magnitude is considerably large. There’s always a risk of new outages, which can affect over 100. 000 customers for more than seven days in the worst-case scenario. Worst case expectations about the service quality indices predict that only 25% of the overall expected performance will be achieved when the best case scenario predicts 95%: it is already quite certain that the 100% achievement will be impossible. Another big issue in Hydro One’s strategy is cost efficiency. Due to its aging assets, the company had to focus on cutting costs. This initiative resulted in Rating Agencies improving Hydros rating on its long term debt to A, A2 and A (high), respectively. On the other hand, employees protested heavily against these measures by a major 18 weeks strike. Unfortunately, reducing unit costs to its desired level might fail in the end. Only in the minor case scenario the unit costs are not reduced, other scenarios predict an increase of 5 to more than 25%. Cheap electricity encouraged Canadian consumers to increase their purchases of energy-intensive consumer devices. Hydro One had to cope with this increased demand on its aging assets, so it launched an active conservation and demand management program. In this way, Hydro One is undertaking conservation initiatives, despite their adverse impact on the companys revenues and earnings. Electricity supply is one of the biggest risks; the former Pikangihum chief even mentioned the problem to turn on Christmas lights. The vision that CEO Formusa endorsed in a strategic plan is to make Hydro One the best transmission and distribution business in North America. This vision would be achieved by having the best safety record in the world, top quartile transmission and distribution reliability, 90% customer satisfaction across all segments, top quartile employee productivity, operating efficiency and an A credit rating. The CEO also intended to reach out and negotiate a long-term deal with the unions. The risks concerning safety were big from 2002 till 2004 but are under more under control since 2005. 3. Major drivers to get started with ERM at Hydro One As part of the firm’s spinoff from the previous Ontario Hydro and in preparation of an IPO, the management and board of Hydro One set high goals for being a best-practices organization with superior corporate governance and business conduct. In preparation of the IPO, they responded to the requirement of the Toronto Stock Exchange for listed companies to implement strategic risk management. Despite this IPO was forced to a halt in the Ontario Superior Court, Hydro One continued to follow their value creation strategy including the implementation of ERM and a risk-based investment planning system. At the same time, the government of Ontario posed a new challenge that had to be addressed with a scheduled deregulation of the electricity markets involving conservation initiatives. Other new policies in the energy industry like carbon legislation, the adoption of renewable technologies and climate change posed new threats and opportunities. In brief, the increased scrutiny on corporate governance called for a comprehensive risk management program. 4. Different stages of Hydro One’s ERM process Hydro One introduced a three-phase risk management program: In phase one, a risk management team organizes a series of interactive risk workshops in order to make the employees of the firm familiar with the companies’ key strategic objectives and the principal risks faced by the organization. Prior to these workshops, the risk team made a list of 60-70 potential risks or threats to the business. This list was e-mailed to the participating management. Based on their feedback, the risk team shortens the list to 8-10 risks. These shortlisted risks then are discussed during the workshops. In phase two, the risk team prepares a corporate risk profile report for the executive team twice a year, in January and July. In this report, the principal risks facing the organization are summarized. The chief risk officer conducts a series of one-to-one interviews with the top 30 to 40 top executives to review the corporate risk profile. This half-yearly monitoring and review of risk is very important within the ERM process, because risks do not remain static. In phase 3, during the annual planning process, the investment planning department and the risk management team jointly develop an approach for allocating resources to prioritized investment project proposals based on the risks identified. The chief financial officer argues that looking at investment proposals from a risk management point of view gives high visibility to capital expenditure planning in order to let the top management make the right investment decisions. 5. Up- and downsides of the ERM process Hydro One developed enterprise risk management in response to a new corporate governance requirement. A positive thing about Hydro One’s ERM process is that it includes all layers of the organization. Employees need to participate in a series of workshops to learn more about the company’s objectives and their risks. The method that Hydro One applies is structured, systematic and on a timely basis which are all key principles of risk management. It provides a foundation for all risk data across the organization and delivers visibility to this data. This has improved accountability and control within the company. An enormous benefit of the ERM process for Hydro One was that the company achieved a lower cost of debt. However, if the company decides to change its client-based strategy, it might be wise to review the ERM process and make some necessary changes. The corporation also uses the Delphi-method, which is a valuable communication technique when properly used. One needs to keep in mind, when applying the Delphi method, that the role of the supervisor may not be underestimated. It is he who needs to rearrange the data. Subjectivity might play a role, so it might be wise for Hydro One to find somebody else than Fraser to handle the risk management activities. In the end, ERM is more a state of mind than a technique or process. When all layers of the company have a mutual understanding about the company’s objectives and risks, one can say the ERM process has been successful. Hydro One’s ERM process will surely pass this test. 6. Framework There are a lot of different frameworks available these times. But the ISO 31000 Framework is the best practice framework because it is relatively easy to implement in an organization’s structure and still gives some good outcomes for the company. The Frameworks are used to facilitate the implementation of the ERM process into an organization. The core of the ISO 31000 Framework is the Risk Management Process (RMP). RMP consists of five important tasks. Further, the ISO 31000 Framework adds Management Information System (MIS). Risk management activities should be recorded. In this way, it is easier to know which actions are taken to counter the risk threats. The company will be able to react in a faster way to important changes in factors that could affect the organisation. Another important feature of the Framework can be found in Commit and Mandate. It is important to fully intergrate the ERM process in the organization. Every agent or stakeholder should be involved in the ERM process. Communication and consultation are key elements in every organization. But to implement the ERM process, communication becomes even more important. Communicating with all your stakeholders is crucial. Everyone needs to be aware of the possible risk the company is facing and the actions that are taken to mitigate these risks. The next important process of the ISO 31000 Framework is Accountability. For every identified risks, the company will have to assign a manager as risk-owner. They need to make clear who is responsible for which risk. Obviously, every agent or stakeholder has to participate in the process of countering risks. It is clear that the ERM process should be monitored and reviewed continuously. Because of a fast changing economic world, the ERM process should be adapted to these conditions. 6. 1 Establishing the context Hydro One is trying to be able to meet the high demand in hot weather springs and summers. Due to the aging infrastructure, Hydro One is facing high maintenance and growing costs. While they were planning to introduce cost-cutting initiatives they have to take into account these costs. Their main goal is to be able to report optimal financial results. This can be done in two ways. On the one hand, they have to make sure there are sufficient revenues. On the other hand, costs and expenses have to be kept under control. The problem of the 18-week during strike has caused an environment in the company where not everyone is heading in the same direction. So Hydro One is challenged to make sure there is a common culture in the company. 6. 2 Risk assessment Risk identification Identifying the likelihood and consequences of the different risks is done by organizing workshops wherein employees can participate. They are asked to express their feelings about the risks that might threaten the organization. Risk analysis Employees need to identify which business activities are affected by those different types of risks and in which degree on a 5-point scale. By doing this, every risk is looked at from another point of view. Each person identifies a different impact based on his or her area of expertise. Risks that are rated higher than 3, are more investigated in detail. They identify the worst-case scenario for each of those risks if something goes wrong within the company. After this process the company will have a clear view in the magnitude of a given risk, the probability of occurrence of a certain risk in a 2-3 year time period and the strength of the key controls in the company. If some of these key controls fail, it could cause a lot of damage to the company. Risk evaluation One had to be aware of the fact that risk is not a static concept. The level of risk a company is facing can depend on the whole environment of the company and the actions taken to mitigate the risk. So twice a year Hydro One made up a Corporate Risk Profile report to understand the changes in risk threats. 6. 3 Risk treatment options To reduce the risk threats to a tolerable level, action had to be taken. Everyone had to participate in these actions plans, but each manager was assigned as a risk-owner and had the full responsibility for taking actions to mitigate the risks. . 4 Communication and consultation It is really important to have a good and stable communication when implementing the ERM framework. Everyone has to know what their responsibilities are and what is going on in the company and its environment. If everyone is getting involved in the ERM process, each person will be able to look for solutions and thinks about different alternatives to handle different situations. Even the employees on the work floor should be consulted in the ERM process. They could have another view on the risks that threaten the company. They can discover some needs of the company the management could never be aware of. In conclusion, all stakeholders should be involved in the ERM process of the organization. 6. 5 Monitoring and reviewing To make sure the ERM Framework is implemented in the right way and has a positive effect for the company, it is important to monitoring and control the implementation of the Framework. And if needed some adjustments should be done to make the ERM process optimal. As mentioned earlier, the environment of the company and the risks threatening the company are not stable concepts. As a consequence, the ERM process is not stable even. 7. Conclusion One may never underestimate the importance of a well-balanced ERM process. By weighing up the implications of key decisions, appropriate actions can be agreed and delivered to support the chosen strategy. We can conclude that Hydro One’s ERM process is a valid one. ERM adds value for the company and supported the corporation’s managers in making good decisions about risk-based issues. [ 1 ]. ISO 31000, clause 4

A Comparison of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and Dead Poets Society

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Vs. Dead Poets Society      Ã‚   "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." (Robert Frost) In today's world there is no tolerance for the individual thinker. It is not acceptable to modify or bend the rules of society. Society is civilized, and to be civilized there must be rules, regulations and policies that prevent. Individuality leads to a mess of chaos. To prevent disorder, institutions in society keep these rules strongly enforced. Man creates these institutions in order to provide convenience and stability in everyday life. Then instead of man running these institutions, the institutions begin to reverse the role of power and the institutions are running man. He is rendered helpless to what he has created. With the institution in power it has become smarter and stronger than man, working to destroy individuality with the invisible machine running smoothly. Positions of power and authority are given to some. The power chang es those who it into an unfeeling, ruthless, cold machine. Also they become part of the institution, forgetting the real purpose of their jobs. Institutions force individuals to bend and mold the standard and give up freedom and individuality. Some individuals are unable to conform when their will to remain creative and self-reliant is too strong; they fight against the current that society and its institutions create. Beating the system is another thing; those who attempt to beat the system are often referred to as romantics because they do not focus on the reality of situations. The system cannot be beat. If one official of an intuition is taken down there will be a many more waiting i... ...de. Those who face their weaknesses and accept themselves are successful in the manner that they obtain complete control of their lives instead of letting society influence their decisions. Rebelliousness of this force results in complications and dissatisfaction of those who uphold its values. A choice must be made whether to walk in that straight line of society or branch out to the new world.    Work Cited 1.Chapman, Jeff and John D. Jorgenson, eds. "Kesey, Ken." Contemporary   Authors Vol.54. Detroit: Gale, 1997.    2.Frost, Robert. Selected Poems by Robert Frost, New York: Barnes and Noble, 2001    3.Graham, Judith, ed. Current Biography Yearbook Vol. 1962, New York: The H.W Wilson Company, 1993    4.Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, New York: Penguin Group, 1962    5.Weir, Peter. Dead Poets Society, 1989 A Comparison of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Dead Poets Society One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Vs. Dead Poets Society      Ã‚   "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." (Robert Frost) In today's world there is no tolerance for the individual thinker. It is not acceptable to modify or bend the rules of society. Society is civilized, and to be civilized there must be rules, regulations and policies that prevent. Individuality leads to a mess of chaos. To prevent disorder, institutions in society keep these rules strongly enforced. Man creates these institutions in order to provide convenience and stability in everyday life. Then instead of man running these institutions, the institutions begin to reverse the role of power and the institutions are running man. He is rendered helpless to what he has created. With the institution in power it has become smarter and stronger than man, working to destroy individuality with the invisible machine running smoothly. Positions of power and authority are given to some. The power chang es those who it into an unfeeling, ruthless, cold machine. Also they become part of the institution, forgetting the real purpose of their jobs. Institutions force individuals to bend and mold the standard and give up freedom and individuality. Some individuals are unable to conform when their will to remain creative and self-reliant is too strong; they fight against the current that society and its institutions create. Beating the system is another thing; those who attempt to beat the system are often referred to as romantics because they do not focus on the reality of situations. The system cannot be beat. If one official of an intuition is taken down there will be a many more waiting i... ...de. Those who face their weaknesses and accept themselves are successful in the manner that they obtain complete control of their lives instead of letting society influence their decisions. Rebelliousness of this force results in complications and dissatisfaction of those who uphold its values. A choice must be made whether to walk in that straight line of society or branch out to the new world.    Work Cited 1.Chapman, Jeff and John D. Jorgenson, eds. "Kesey, Ken." Contemporary   Authors Vol.54. Detroit: Gale, 1997.    2.Frost, Robert. Selected Poems by Robert Frost, New York: Barnes and Noble, 2001    3.Graham, Judith, ed. Current Biography Yearbook Vol. 1962, New York: The H.W Wilson Company, 1993    4.Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, New York: Penguin Group, 1962    5.Weir, Peter. Dead Poets Society, 1989

Coasts Revision Notes – AQA Geography

1. Spring and Neap Tides Spring vs. Neap Tides Spring tides occur when the Earth, Sun and the Moon are all about in the same line. This causes the highest tidal range due to the strongest gravitational pulls with the high tides being the largest and the low tides being the smallest. Neap tides occur when the Earth, Sun and Moon are at 90 degrees which causes the gravitational pull to be less effective. This produces the lowest tidal range of tides. 1. Coastal Transport Long shore drift transports material along the coast. In the UK, the prevailing wind blows from the South West causing the waves to approach the southern coast at an angle of 45 degrees. Therefore material moves from the west to the east. The swash of the wave carries the material up to the beach at this angle. The bed load is moved along by rolling by traction however pebbles are lifted and bounced along the floor in a leap frog action – this is saltation. Lighter material is carried by suspension (such as grains of sand) and weak acids (e.g. carbonic acid from precipitation) may act on soluble rocks (carbonate rocks e.g. limestone) and move the material in solution. The backwash carries the material at 90 degrees- causing a zig-zag motion. Groynes may be in place to reduce this – however they can be expensive (around  £5,000 per groyne and are unasthecially pleasing) yet they do trap the sand. 1. Headland Formation Headland formation occurs when the bands rock type run perpendicular to the coast – this is known as a discordant coastline. The coast has alternating bands of resistant (hard) and less resistant (soft) rock – these types of rocks erode at different rates. The less resistant rock are eroded at a faster rate (through the processes of hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion) and the more resistant rock erodes at a slower rate and protrudes out into the sea. Wave Refraction Now the headland is protruding out into the sea, this receives high energy waves. When the waves hit the coastline, they are refracted and they tend to ‘bend’ round the headland, into lower energy waves. These waves then deposit sediment and beaches eventually build up. Case Study: Purbeck coast, Dorset. The Eastern side is discordant. Headland – The foreland Purbeck Coast, Dorest. Geology – Chalk (made millions of years ago from Coccoliths). This headland is 1.3km wide. Bay – Swanage Bay made from Wealden & Purbeck bed clays. This bay is 2.5 km wide. 1. Causes of cliff collapse Coastal Reasons * When waves head towards the coastline and the sea gets shallower, friction in the bed slows the bottom of the waves and make them more elliptical. The crest of the wave rises and then it collapses. * Destructive waves are high frequency, and are high and deep. They are around 10-14 waves per minute and their strong backwash removes material. * The waves break at the base of the cliff where the wave energy is concentrated. * This part of the cliff experiences rapid erosion thorough – abrasion, where material carried by the waves (eg rocks) are hurled against it. Also, H.A where the pressure of the air in the cracks from the water compress and release which erodes it. * This forms a wave cut notch * Over time, under the force of gravity, the mass above the wave cut notch cannot hold and collapses. * This processes of collapsing continues and the cliff retreats back. * This then leaves behind a wave cut platform that is no more than 5 degrees at the Low Water Mark. * As the platform gets longer, the waves have to reach further and many dissipate reducing the rate of erosion. * Sub Arial processes erode the platform such as paddock and seaweed. * Case Study: Broad bench Dorset, cliff is mixture of clay and shale (headlands made of Portland stone). Extension is 200m of platform, height of cliff is 20 m. Part of Jurassic coast – world heritage site. Sub-Arial * Not directly linked to sea, but from land * Freeze Thaw – When the diurnal range is around 0 dregrees – Scottish Highlands – Water expands by around 9%. Fluccutations in pressure fragments of rock may break off. * Biological – Rabbits may burrow into the cliff and piddocks may also weaken the rock which may remove some of the rock. * Chemical weathering, CO2 found in rainwater may form carbonic acid when it rains – attacks the calcium carbonate such as in limestone. Mass Movement * Slumping – Rainfall infiltrates the soil, making it heaver. * The material moves downhill, leaving a exposed scarp face * Case Study – Holbeck Hall, Scarborough. * 1993 – dry weather cracked the clay. This made the rock impermeable due to hot dry conditions * Next two months 140mm of rain fell (prolonged rainfall) * This then therefore infiltrated the soft rock above, but lubricated the clay. * On 3rd of June – the land was slipping into sea at 3m per hour. Collapse of hotel. Rest of hotel had to be demolished and they owners sued the authority ‘breach of its duty and care’.

Individual, team and racquet athletics Essay

Sport contains mainly perceptual motor skills so it is important to select the correct skill for the situation. The process used to select the correct skill is called the information processing system or the DCR process, because we Detect information, Compare it with previous experiences and then react. Welford said that all information is taken in as stimuli through our senses. It is then stored in the short term memory before being sorted, if the stimulus is relevant to the current skill then it is stored in the short term memory where it is compared to previous experiences in the long term memory. Then a decision is made as to what action to take based on this comparison. The action that was performed and the outcome from this action are then stored in the long term memory for future reference. Welford’s model is shown below: This model makes a performer react in the way that they do to a situation but there are many factors that can influence what action the performer decides to take. These include; time available, number and intensity of stimuli, experience, anticipation, fitness and motivation of the performer. The effect these factors have on a performer will vary from individual, racquet and team sports. The time that you have available to process the incoming stimuli differs in each sport. For example in rugby, which is externally paced, you have a small amount of time to process the stimuli and make a decision because there are usually many defenders around you. Tennis players also have very little time to react because the ball is usually travelling at a high speed and if they don’t make a decision and return the ball they will lose the point. However in golf, an internally paced sport, the player can take as long as they need to make a decision because there are no opponents directly around them. There are three main types of stimuli that enter the sensory input these are; Vision: is where a player will react to a visual stimulus such as the position of the ball or an opponent. These stimuli are easier to detect and react to if the stimulus is brighter. For example in tennis the ball is bright yellow which makes it easier to see. But there are also unwanted stimuli such as ball boys moving or crowd movements these stimuli are obviously irrelevant but they are still initially taken in which slows down the whole process. In an individual sport there are fewer visual stimuli for example in a 100m race the only real visual stimulus is where the finish line is in relation to you. Audition: this is all stimuli that are heard, for example when a team mate calls for the ball in rugby. Auditable stimuli are heard and processed easier and faster if they are loud and clear. There are also irrelevant auditable stimuli such as crowd noise these will slow down the information processing model. Proprioception: this is made up of three components; Equilibrium: this is an awareness of your body position and balance. We can tell if we are about to fall over and where we are in relation to objects. Team sports are more likely to have an uneven playing surface which means that your balance will have to be constantly adjusted as you are running. But in individual and racquet sports the playing surface is fairly constant with the exception of golf, where a stance may have to be altered to adjust to the surface. Kinaesthesis: this is where the body senses the muscle movement and contraction it is sometimes known as muscle memory. It is if the movement â€Å"feels† right to the performer. It is developed through practice and experience one example would be a conversion kick in rugby the player may take there step away from the ball in the same way they usually do but they may just â€Å"feel† that they are not in the right place. It doesn’t apply as much in team games as in individual and racquet sports apart from set plays. Tactile sense: this is the feeling of pressure this is important for all sports. It can be affected be the weather conditions because cold weather affects our ability to feel effectively. The short term sensory store is where all information is stored for a split second before it is processed. All relevant and irrelevant information is stored in here before it is replaced and lost. This does not differ between sports only what enters it does. The perception stage is where all the information that has come from the short term sensory store is processed. This is when irrelevant information is thrown away and useful stimuli such as where the ball is, is kept to make a decision and stored in the STM. This will vary between individual, racquet and team sports because of the amount of stimuli. In team sports there are more stimuli so it takes longer to sort through whereas there are relatively small amounts of stimuli in individual sports so it won’t take as long to sort them out. It also differs depending upon whether the performer is experienced or not as it will be easier for a expert to sort through the stimuli because they have more experience. We sort through the stimuli with selective attention and take only the important pieces of information because only around 7-10 pieces of information can be stored in the STM. The information passed on from the perception stage is then stored in the STM. Because only 7-10 pieces of information can be stored an experienced player may â€Å"chunk† information together so that the position of all players is one piece, but a beginner may not be able to do this so each player may be a separate piece. Team sports would be much more affected because of the amount of information so not all stimuli can be stored so a poor decision may be made but less poor decisions will be made in an individual or racquet sport because there is less information. The LTM holds information on movement patterns and the results of using them in certain situations and can hold them for a lifetime. Team sports have many memories but individual sports may have less. The decision making process is where what’s happening now (in the short term memory) with what has happened previously (in the long term memory). In the LTM the performer will be looking for similar situations and actions and their outcomes. This makes team games decision making process a lot longer because of the vast amount of information and possible actions to take. Whereas in an individual sport there is much less information and less possible actions. The motor output is the performance of the chosen skill. One example may be for a badminton player to put in a drop shot because the opponent is at the back of the court. The action is referred to the muscle movement in the LTM. The action and its consequences are then stored in the long term memory for future reference. Individual sports, because they are individually paced, make them the simplest in the IP model. Also because there are fewer stimuli there is a shorter reaction time which gives the performer more time to carry out the IP model which should result in a better decision. Racquet sports are externally paced due to the fact that there is an opponent; this means that there is less time for the performer to react. There are some irrelevant stimuli which will slow down the IP model which means it takes longer to decide than in an individual sport but not as long as in a team sport because there are fewer possibilities for what action to take. Team sports are externally paced which reduces the time available to react. Also there are much more irrelevant stimuli in team sports, this will lengthen the IP. The IP will also be lengthened due to the complexity of most team games because there are more situations and possible responses to choose from. Bibliography Advanced PE for Edexcel Heinemann by F. Galligan et al.

Greensleeves essays

Greensleeves essays Greensleeves is the most famous english love song, writeen in 1500 by henry VIII, king of england, for love of Ana Bolena The situation portrayed in this song is the impossible love, because the woman he wants cannot belong to him. This impossibility of love remains evident in the first estanza: The King tells about his love for ana bolena and he tells about the impossibility of love because Ana Bolena cast him out. Love becomes a source of suffering. The King fuls distressed because he is in love. "your vows you've broken, like my heart Henry VIII doesnt understand why did ana bolena enrapture him if she doesn't want him. he laments his heart is captured by her. The loving declaration obeys the convention specifially known as courtley love. The woman inis always unattainable. she os lady and thefore he is in loving vassalage he would make anything for her. your love and good-will for to have" He said the would stayat her hand and make anything for her, he will give anything she would crave. The author doesn't tell the name of the woman. he names her as greensleeves, or my love. Greensleeves is an old but beautiful love song and a very important one, because by analysing this song we can understand about the middle age and about the life of henry VIII, king of england. ...

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies Essay

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies - Essay Example In fact, the same sense of dare is conveyed by several other characters of the story as well, like the camel driver said while talking to Santiago, â€Å"We are afraid of losing what we have, whether it’s our life or our possessions or our property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the history of the world were written by the same hand† (Coelho 76). African American literature narrates several accounts of the African tribes’ wars most of them originated because one tribe wanted to attack the other and confiscate their possessions in order to become richer than the other. One can sense the same level of dare in Santiago’s resolution to keep going on and encounter further challenges with whatever he attains rather than reverting to where he came from. His ability to struggle and find work elsewhere and earn his living also tells that he is hard working like African

What is the Ecstatic Truth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is the Ecstatic Truth - Assignment Example Ecstatic truth is giving the viewer a high expectation of the central character reaching his highest goal. There is an element of existentialism as we become part of the central character as we become so involved with the film. Ecstatic truth is beyond the apparent fact. It transcends reality and is a manifestation of what goes on within the person. Werner Herzog finds this truth in two points in the set of videos. He shows the museum curator explaining that Treadwell did something the Indians hadn't done in 7000 years. Tim was a man overly obsessed with nature and crossed the territory bounds that were never meant to be crossed. Men were not made to associate with bears. When the father killed the cub so the mother would stop lactating, Tim never acknowledge that the bears were carnivores. He was sad and cried. Herzog showed that this obsession lead to his demise. The film started on the positive point that death is without fear. Treadwell talks about death, perseverance, and being a samurai. A fearless death is where you survive. He shows an unreality in wanting to become a bear or fight like a bear. In the thirteen years he was going to Alaska, he learned their behaviors. He cried when they suffered; he cried when they ate each other. His thought his friendship with them was real. Herzog's changes the truth of Treadwell's insight into nature as becoming the insight into our inner beings. His insight into nature also becomes the viewers insight into Ted's inner character.